The brain produces and secretes various hormones, which are chemical messengers that regulate many physiological processes in the body, including growth, metabolism, and mood. Here are some of the major brain hormones and their types:
• Serotonin:
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter and hormone that is involved in regulating mood, appetite, and sleep. It is synthesized in the brain from the amino acid tryptophan.
• Dopamine:
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter and hormone that is involved in regulating movement, motivation, and pleasure. It is synthesized in the brain from the amino acid tyrosine.
• Oxytocin:
Oxytocin is a hormone that is involved in social bonding and trust. It is synthesized in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland.
• Vasopressin:
Vasopressin is a hormone that is involved in regulating water balance in the body and social behavior. It is synthesized in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary gland.
• Cortisol:
Cortisol is a steroid hormone that is involved in regulating metabolism, stress response, and inflammation. It is synthesized in the adrenal glands and regulated by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
• Melatonin:
Melatonin is a hormone that is involved in regulating sleep and the body's circadian rhythm. It is synthesized in the pineal gland.
• Estrogen and Testosterone:
Estrogen and testosterone are steroid hormones that are involved in regulating sexual development and behavior, as well as other physiological processes. They are synthesized in the gonads and regulated by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland.
These brain hormones play important roles in maintaining homeostasis and regulating physiological processes throughout the body.
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