🎀DNA replication in eukaryotes occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle.

🎀The replication of DNA is semiconservative in nature.

🎀DNA replication starts at specific sites called origins of replication.

🎀The enzyme responsible for unwinding DNA during replication is helicase.

🎀Single-strand binding proteins (SSBPs) stabilize the unwound DNA strands during replication.

🎀The enzyme primase synthesizes RNA primers that provide a starting point for DNA synthesis.

🎀DNA polymerase alpha (Pol α) is responsible for the synthesis of the RNA primers.

🎀DNA polymerase delta (Pol δ) is the primary enzyme responsible for synthesizing the leading strand during DNA replication.

🎀The lagging strand is synthesized in small fragments called Okazaki fragments.

🎀DNA polymerase epsilon (Pol ε) is responsible for synthesizing the leading strand during replication.

🎀The enzyme responsible for joining the Okazaki fragments is DNA ligase.

🎀Replication forks are the Y-shaped structures that form during DNA replication.

🎀DNA topoisomerase II is responsible for relieving the tension that builds up ahead of the replication fork.

🎀The sliding clamp protein PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) helps to hold the DNA polymerase onto the template strand during replication.

🎀Telomeres are the protective caps at the ends of linear chromosomes.

🎀Telomerase is an enzyme that extends the telomeres, which otherwise shorten with each round of cell division.

🎀Mutations in genes involved in DNA replication can lead to diseases such as cancer.

🎀The MCM complex (minichromosome maintenance) is a group of proteins that are necessary for the initiation of DNA replication.

🎀The replication checkpoint ensures that DNA replication is completed accurately before the cell progresses into the next phase of the cell cycle.

🎀The GINS complex (go-ichi-nii-san) is a protein complex that is necessary for the elongation phase of DNA replication.

🎀The Cdc45 protein is required for the assembly of the replication fork.

🎀The ORC complex (origin recognition complex) recognizes and binds to the origins of replication to initiate DNA replication.

🎀The DNA replication machinery moves in both directions away from the origin of replication.

🎀The nucleosome, made up of DNA wrapped around histone proteins, must be temporarily disassembled during DNA replication.

🎀The proofreading activity of DNA polymerase helps to maintain the accuracy of DNA replication.

🎀The DNA damage response pathway can repair errors that occur during DNA replication.

🎀The replisome is the complex of enzymes and proteins that carry out DNA replication.

🎀The RFC complex (replication factor C) is responsible for loading the sliding clamp onto the DNA.

🎀The TIPIN protein is involved in the stabilization of DNA replication forks.

🎀DNA replication is a highly regulated process that ensures the faithful transmission of genetic information from one generation of cells to the next.

✨DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic acid.

✨DNA is a molecule that contains genetic information.

✨DNA is located in the nucleus of cells.

✨DNA is a double-stranded helix structure.

✨The four nucleotides that make up DNA are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.

✨Adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine in DNA.

✨The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the genetic code.

✨The genetic code contains instructions for the development, function, and reproduction of living organisms.

✨DNA replication is the process by which cells make copies of DNA.

✨DNA replication occurs before cell division.

✨Mutations in DNA can occur due to errors during DNA replication or exposure to mutagens.

✨Mutations can cause changes in the genetic code, which can lead to genetic disorders.

✨DNA can be damaged by environmental factors such as radiation and chemicals.

✨DNA repair mechanisms exist in cells to fix damaged DNA.

✨DNA profiling is a technique used to identify individuals based on their DNA.

✨DNA profiling is commonly used in forensic science.

✨DNA sequencing is the process of determining the order of nucleotides in DNA.

✨The Human Genome Project was a collaborative effort to sequence the entire human genome.

✨The human genome contains approximately 3 billion base pairs.

✨The human genome is made up of about 20,000-25,000 genes.

✨Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for making proteins.

✨Proteins are the building blocks of cells and are involved in many biological processes.

✨Gene expression is the process by which the information in genes is used to make proteins.

✨Gene regulation is the process by which cells control when and how genes are expressed.

✨Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression that are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence.

✨Epigenetic changes can be caused by environmental factors such as diet and stress.

✨DNA technology has revolutionized fields such as medicine and agriculture.

✨Genetic engineering is the process of modifying the DNA of an organism.

✨CRISPR/Cas9 is a revolutionary DNA editing tool that allows precise modifications to be made to DNA.

✨DNA vaccines use genetic material from a virus to produce an immune response.