The Quran, the holy scripture of Islam, contains numerous references to astronomy, including descriptions of celestial bodies, their movements, and their relationships with each other. Muslims believe that the Quran is the word of God, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad, and therefore view its teachings as authoritative.

 

One of the most well-known astronomical references in the Quran is the mention of the creation of the heavens and the earth in the opening chapter and throughout the book. The Quran also describes the sun and the moon as "two signs" of God's power and guidance and emphasizes their roles in determining the passage of time. 

 Concept of orbits

The Quran also describes the orbits of the sun, moon, and planets, and the various phenomena associated with them, such as eclipses and the phases of the moon. In Surah Al-Anbiya, verse 33, the Quran says that "It is He who created the night and the day, and the sun and the moon, each floating in its orbit."

 Constellations and Big Dipper

Additionally, the Quran refers to the constellations, including the Pleiades (Surah Al-Najm, verse 9) and the Big Dipper (Surah Al-Waqiah, verses 75-77), and describes the stars as being created by God for guidance and navigation (Surah Al-An'am, verse 97).

Muslim scholars throughout history have studied and interpreted these astronomical references in the Quran, using them as a basis for their scientific understanding of the universe. Many modern Muslim scientists also view the Quran as a source of inspiration and guidance in their scientific work, and some have even used its teachings to make discoveries and advance scientific understanding.